Why We Push Our Physical Limits?
The Chemical Connection
Having completed over 30 Spartan Races, triathlons and other events over the course of 3 years, people are often dumbfounded when they hear this and may ask (occasionally with some added vulgarity), “Why do you do all these races?”. I do admit the sheer number may seem excessive, especially with a full time job as a physician. Luck has been on my side as I’ve had the time to train, and discipline has alway been one of my strong suits. At times, I similarly question myself when the races become even more intimidating. Even with proper training, they can be incredibly grueling. My will and grit have been tested numerous times at various challenging venues. So why even put ourselves through such punishing activities? Having read Simon Sinek’s “Leaders Eat Last”, I was reminded of the 4 neurotransmitters in our brains that drive our emotions and behaviors. As a physician scientist, that struck a deep chord with me. We can use the acronym EDSO to summarize them as Simon does. The first two are what he describes as your “selfish” ones known as endorphins (aka adrenaline) and dopamine. The latter two are considered the “selfless” ones better known as serotonin and oxytocin. Together, these four play a seminal role in helping us complete a physically enduring activity and then leave us with the feeling of wanting more; mind you it must be an activity you willfully signed up for.
For the adrenaline (aka endorphins) junkies still reading, this neurotransmitter is the one that keeps you coming back for more. That hard lift, ski run down a double diamond, long endurance run or grueling HIIT workout are great examples of when endorphins are surging and creating a slowly fleeting sense of euphoria during and after the workout has been completed. Unfortunately, this euphoric state will slowly dissipate and likely be unavailable to help us during the day at work when we might need them the most. I like to get my workouts done in the morning to get the endorphins flowing early and feeling that sense of accomplishment that actually helps to release another important neurotransmitter that may have longer lasting benefits; I’ll touch upon this one later. Some of the feeling associated with this other neurotransmitter does last into the later parts of my work day, so it usually sets me up for a content and productive day. As the other selfish hormone, dopamine tags along for the ride helping to further excite us during and after these activities. Spartan races are famous for their “ring the bell” obstacles. The feeling of getting to the end of a taxing obstacle and sounding the bell at the end is so satisfying as you run past those finishing up their crushing penalty burpees. Trust me when I say that I’ve been there many times which makes the sound of that bell so much more gratifying. Yes, that’s the dopamine speaking to us and I imagine Spartan did this by design.
The “selfless” transmitters are where true contentment lies. As I previously alluded to, serotonin might have an air of familiarity. It’s a neurotransmitter targeted by many anti-depressants. Our gut microbiome can also secrete this hormone when we are eating healthy and clean. In fact, that is where the majority of the neurotransmitter comes from. When we participate in strenuous activity, these gut bugs are busy providing us with a steady supply of this happy endogenous drug. When we cross the finish line, serotonin along with the “selfish” chemicals is running high. Surprisingly, it can have longer lasting effects given its association with a sense of accomplishment. This same effect you can also be related to when you earn a college or professional degree, or check off any other goals that you plan out for yourself. It’s important to remind ourselves that serotonin is integral in its connection to our happiness. Lastly, let’s not forget oxytocin. We all need a little oxytocin in our lives as it is closely related to that feeling of showing or receiving love. Whether it’s our cat cuddling up with us, our significant other giving us a big kiss, or a parent giving us a bear hug, oxytocin is flowing through our bodies making us feel good. I don’t know about you, but I find these acts extremely comforting. We are social creatures and have a special connection with our people and animals. Without them, our oxytocin tanks will run empty and our lives would be as well.
You are creating your experience with these 4 neurotransmitters and helping others in their journey of positive adaptation as well. Just remember the next time you’re out there doing a race or any difficult activity, finish hard, earn your medal and give someone a high five! Trust me, that will keep you and others coming back for more.
